BKAT Critical Care Practice Exam 2025 - Free Critical Care Practice Questions and Study Guide

Stress-induced hyperglycemia occurs when the body experiences stress and responds by increasing blood glucose levels. One of the primary reasons for this phenomenon is the release of endogenous hormones, such as cortisol, epinephrine, and glucagon, which are part of the body’s stress response. These hormones promote gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources) in the liver, inhibit insulin secretion, and increase insulin resistance, all leading to elevated blood glucose levels.

This physiological response is critical as it provides the necessary energy substrates for vital functions during stressful situations, such as illness or injury. Given the role of these hormones in regulating glucose metabolism, their elevation during stress is a key contributor to stress-induced hyperglycemia.

In contrast, while increased fluid intake, increased physical activity, or a low carbohydrate diet may influence blood glucose levels, they do not directly account for the hormonal changes that specifically underpin stress-induced hyperglycemia. Thus, the influence of endogenous hormones is a fundamental aspect of understanding this condition.